Immunohistochemical Evaluation of β-catenin Expression in Archived Cervical Premalignant Lesions From Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Authors: Ezeofor C. P, Ilegbedion I.G , Ezejiofor I. F, Ogenyi S. I, Olaofe O.O, Osonwa C. N , Lawani-Luwaji E.

Affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State,Nigeria

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

October 23, 2025

SIAR-Global Journal of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Review

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17425977

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of β-catenin Expression in Archived Cervical Premalignant Lesions From Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Research Article Medicine

Abstract

Loss of membranous β-catenin (B. catenin) and increase in cytoplasmic expression of these markers by the effect of the oncogens leads to alteration in the structural adhesion. Alterations in the β-catenin cells adhesion complex have been involved in the pathogenesis of cervical carcinomas even at their earliest stage of the disease (Fadare et al., 2015). The aim of this study is to evaluate expression pattern of β-catenin and the role in progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasm or lesions (CIN/CILs). A five-year retrospective research carried out at the Histopathology Department of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi, Nigeria, from 2016 to 2020 to confirm the expression pattern of E.cadherin, B. catenin in relation to P16 immunohistochemical stains in CILs using monoclonal antibodies to, β-catenin . Eightysix (86) cases of archival paraffin-embedded tissue blocks was used for the analysis. Pathology reports of all CILs and their blocks were retrieved. The age range of presentation was 18-80 years with median age of 58 years. The blocks were recut, immunostained and reviewed to determine each lesion. Expressions of markers were analysed using the immunoreactivity scores. Eighty-six (86) cases of histopathologically diagnosed cervical intraepithelial lesion with β-catenin protein expression were studied. Out of the 86cases of CILs subjected to β-catenin monoclonal antibodies, 79 Official Publication of the Society of Innovative Academic Researchers- SIAR PUBLICATIONS Advancing Real-Time Innovative Knowledge Globally. Copyright ©SIAR Publications. All rights Reserved. 55.8%(48/86cases) had an initial, pre-immunohistochemical diagnosis as CIN 1, while 44.2%(38/86cases) were high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions consisting 13(15.1%)CIN 2, 16(18.6% CIN3 and 9(10.5%) CIS . However, on application of monoclonal antibodies of E βcatenin, majority of CIN1 had a change of diagnosis to Negative squamous intraepithelial lesions (NSIL) 21/48 (43.8%) and chronic cervicitis 11/48 (27.1%) while 16/48 cases (35.4%) were finally retained as CIN1. Of initially diagnosed as HSIL lesions {CIN2, CIN3, and Carcinoma In-situ; (CIS)} 35 cases (92.1%) 38were concordant with previous diagnosis while three cases were regrouped as CIN 1 (one case) and chronic cervicitis (2 cases).Therefore, the total number of CIN 1 was 17 cases and chronic cervicitis was 13 cases. The rate of β-catenin membranous expression in non neoplastic and LSIL lesion were; 85.3% and 100% respectively; In HSIL the rate of the βcatenin cytoplasmic expression increased with the increased degree of dysplasia, from 70% in CIN2 to 87.5% in CIN3 and 88.9 % in CIS. The rate of the β-catenin cytoplasmic expression positively correlated with histopathology grades of intraepithelial neoplasm.

Keywords

β-Catenin expression, Cervical premalignant lesion, Intraepithelial neoplasm, Achived tissues

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Ezeofor C. P, Ilegbedion I.G , Ezejiofor I. F, Ogenyi S. I, Olaofe O.O, Osonwa C. N , Lawani-Luwaji E. (2025). Immunohistochemical Evaluation of β-catenin Expression in Archived Cervical Premalignant Lesions From Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria.. SIAR-Global Journal of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Review, Vol. 1, No. 1. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17425977

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Immunohistochemical Evaluation of β-catenin Expression in Archived Cervical Premalignant Lesions From Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria.

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