Toxicological Evaluation of Hepatic, Renal and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Xylene Treated Wistar Rats

Authors: Ezomoh Olusoga Olubunmi, Chukwuma Samuel Anakwe, Ogu Oyinbrakemi Collins, Ogbara Kievelezebo Peter, Prohp The Prophet

Affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

September 3, 2025

SIAR-Global Journal of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Review

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17093731

Toxicological Evaluation of Hepatic, Renal and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Xylene Treated Wistar Rats
Research Article Medicine

Abstract

This study investigated the dose-dependent toxicological effects of subacute xylene exposure on hepatic, renal, and oxidative stress parameters in Wistar rats. Forty adult male rats were divided into ten groups (n=6). The normal control group (Group 1) received distilled water, while Groups 2 to 10 were administered increasing doses of xylene (0.125 to  (7 mL/kg) body weight) via oral gavage for 28 days. Significant mortality was observed, with all animals in groups receiving ≥ (3 mL/kg) succumbing before the study concluded, limiting biochemical analysis to Groups 1-5 (0- (1 mL/kg)). Xylene exposure induced severe, dose-dependent hepatotoxicity, evidenced by significant elevation in serum ALT, AST, ALP, and total bilirubin, alongside decreased total protein and albumin. Nephrotoxicity was indicated by increased urea and creatinine levels and a significant disruption in electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis. Mechanistically, a significant depletion of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) and a rise in lipid peroxidation (MDA) were observed in both liver and kidney tissues, implicating oxidative stress as a central pathway of toxicity. The results provide evidence that xylene induces multi-organ toxicity primarily through an oxidative mechanism, culminating in organ failure and mortality at higher doses. These findings highlight a substantial occupational health risk and underscore the need for stringent exposure control measures.   

Keywords

Antioxidants, Hepatotoxicity, Lipid peroxidation, Renal toxicity, Xylene

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How to Cite

Ezomoh Olusoga Olubunmi, Chukwuma Samuel Anakwe, Ogu Oyinbrakemi Collins, Ogbara Kievelezebo Peter, Prohp The Prophet (2025). Toxicological Evaluation of Hepatic, Renal and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Xylene Treated Wistar Rats. SIAR-Global Journal of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Review, Vol. 1, No. 1. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17093731

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Article Information

  • Type: Research Article
  • Journal: SIAR-Global Journal of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Review
  • Subject Area: Medicine
  • Published: September 3, 2025
  • Volume: 1
  • Issue: 1
  • Word Count: Not specified
  • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17093731
  • Processing Fee: $50.00 USD

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SIAR-Global Journal of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Review

The SIAR-Global Journal of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Review (GJMPR) is an official medical and health science publication of the Society …

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