Nephroproctective Effect of Cocoa Leaf (Theobroma Cacao L) in Toluene Induced Wistar Rats

Authors: Olubunmi Olusoga Ezomoh; Goodluck I. M; Sule Jimoh Olayiwola

Affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island. Bayelsa State. Nigeria

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

June 14, 2026

SIAR-Global Journal of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Review

Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20690900

Crossref DOI: 10.66694/siar.gjmpr2026006

Nephroproctective Effect of Cocoa Leaf (Theobroma Cacao L) in Toluene Induced Wistar Rats
Research Article Medicine

Abstract

This research examined whether Theobroma cacao leaf extract could protect Wistar rats from toluene-induced toxicity. Thirty male rats (150–200 g) were split into five groups of six. Toxicity was induced with toluene (50 mg/kg), while treatment groups received the extract at 200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg. A standard group was given vitamin E (200 mg/kg). After 21 days, liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), total protein, and albumin were measured. Oxidative markers (SOD, catalase, GSH, MDA) were also assessed. Toluene caused significant rises (p < 0.05) in ALT, AST, ALP, and MDA, and lowered total protein, albumin, SOD, catalase, and GSH. Treatment with the extract reversed these changes, with stronger effects at the higher dose. The results suggest the extract can reduce toluene toxicity, likely through its antioxidant action. 

Keywords

Nephroproctective effect, Toluene, Wistar rats, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)

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How to Cite

Olubunmi Olusoga Ezomoh; Goodluck I. M; Sule Jimoh Olayiwola (2026). Nephroproctective Effect of Cocoa Leaf (Theobroma Cacao L) in Toluene Induced Wistar Rats. SIAR-Global Journal of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Review, Vol. 2, No. 1. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20690900

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Article Information

  • Type: Research Article
  • Journal: SIAR-Global Journal of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Review
  • Subject Area: Medicine
  • Published: June 14, 2026
  • Volume: 2
  • Issue: 1
  • Word Count: Not specified
  • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20690900
  • Processing Fee: $50.00 USD

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